Skip to main content

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

 This is the process by which green plants use carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight trapped by chlorophyll to manufacture carbohydrates, releasing oxygen as a by product.

6CO2 + H2O  ----------------->  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + energy

SITES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

- It takes place in the leaves of plants.

- It takes place in the chloroplast of palisade and   spongy mesophyll cells and also in guard cells.


ADAPTATION OF LEAVES FOR  PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. The leaves is thin in diameter for easy penetration of sunlight and gaseous exchange.

2. The leaf is flat and broad for maximum absorption of sunlight.

3. The midrib, veins and veinlets supply water from the stem xylem needed for photosynthesis.

4. There are many stomata on the lower epidermis of leaves for diffusion of CO2 from the atmosphere into the leaf and oxygen out.

5. There is a transparent cuticle on the upper epidermis of leaves to ease maximum sunlight penetration.

6. There are chloroplast containing the pigment chlorophyll to trap sunlight in palisade and spongy mesophyll cells and in guard cells. 

7. Leaves are arranged in a mosaic manner so that the leaves can get sunlight.


Photosynthesis is divided into two phases. This phases are: light phase and dark phase.


LIGHT PHASE REACTION 

- There are light energy converted to chemical energy (ATP adenosine triphosphate).

- The water molecules is split into two namely: hydroxyl ions and hydrogen ions.

- Oxygen is found when water is split by sunlight.


DARK PHASE REACTION

- CO2 is converted to carbohydrates with the help of the chemical energy and  hydrogen.

-  The first carbohydrate found is  Glucose, but it is converted to starch.


THE FATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

- Some of the glucose is respired to release energy in cells.

- Some of the glucose is converted to plant cellulose cell walls.

- Some of the glucose is concentrated in sap vacuoles to enable plant cells to absorb water by osmosis so that they can be turgid (strong).

- Some of the glucose is converted to sucrose. sucrose is transported inside the phloem to storage organs.

- Glucose is converted to starch and stored in storage organs eg cassava and yam in roots, cereals like rice, maize, etc. 


FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. SUNLIGHT INTENSITY:

The higher the sunlight intensity,  the faster the rate of photosynthesis. The highest rate of photosynthesis takes place during the day between 11 to 2pm. At night, there is no photosynthesis. Early in the morning and evening, the rate of photosynthesis is slow.


2. TEMPERATURE:

The optimum temperature for photosynthesis is 37 degrees census. If the atmospheric temperature becomes too high above 40 degrees, enzymes are denatured and the rate of photosynthesis drops very low. Temperature causes low photosynthesis because enzymes are active.


3. SOIL WATER AVAILABILITY:

When the soil is reach in the water, plant root absorb it faster and the rate of photosynthesis is high.


4. CARBON DIOXIDE:

The quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere is 0.03%. If this quantity increase up to 1%, the rate of photosynthesis will increase rapidly. 


5. CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF LEAVES:

The rate of photosynthesis in green leave is faster than that in variegated leaves(yellow leaves), this is as a result of the presence of chlorophyll in the green leaves.


If you really need to see how the process of photosynthesis takes place practically, watch this video by following this link: PHOTOSYNTHESIS - YouTube

Please subscribe





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

ABOUT US

FB actually stands for FABRICE BIN FB is  a center that offers a lot of services. It is actually a very big company.   We have a YouTube channel where we teach sciences.  The channel name is fb science - YouTube we create beats and sell, see some sample of our beat in our channel on youtube. we create worship and and praise beats only. We also do graphic designing. see flyer below for more information:   (2) FB BINS BEATS - YouTube WE do video editing at very affordable prices. watch our video on youtube to see some of our edited videos. follow this link:  fb science - YouTube
2 comments
Read more

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND RED BLOOD CELLS

  DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND RED BLOOD CELLS RED BLOOD CELLS  WHITE BLOOD CELLS    1.   Biconcave disc shape Irregular in shape   2. Hemoglobin present. Hemoglobin absent   3. No nucleus in matured red blood cells    Nucleus present   4. smaller in size and more numerous larger larger Larger in size and fewer in number   5. Transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissue to the lungs.   Defends the body against infection and disease    6. Only one type.   Many types 
1 comment
Read more

MOLE CONCEPT

  THE MOLE CONCEPT INTRODUCTION   In ordinary life items are counted using a named collection of them or counting units. For example, farmers eggs in dozens (12), shop keepers sell sheets of papers in reams (500 papers), Elementary chemical particles (atoms, ions, molecules, electrons, etc)are very small.  Chemist therefore, for convenient reasons count them by weighing a collection of them. The counting unit in chemistry is called THE MOLE (6.02X1023particles). The number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 isotope is chosen as the standard.  What is a mole? The mole of a substance is the amount of substance that contains the same number of elementary particles which are (atoms, ions, molecules) as there are in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 isotope.  Mole=mass/molar mass In the definition of mole above,  we see that: 1 mole of hydrogen atoms, H, contains 6.02x1023 hydrogen atoms, H. 1 mole of oxygen molecule, O2 , contains 6.02x1023 oxygen mole...
4 comments
Read more